Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of panoramic radiography and the buccal object rule in intraoral periapical radiography for localization of impacted maxillary canine teeth.Methods: A total of 20 panoramic radiographs depicting 28 displaced maxillary canines were evaluated. The ratio of the mesiodistal width of the impacted canine to the mesiodistal width of the ipsilateral central incisor was calculated and referred to as the canine-incisor index (CII). The height of the crown of each displaced canine was classified in vertical plane relative to the adjacent incisor as apical, middle or coronal.Position of impacted maxillary canines was also determined on two periapical radiographs using the buccal object rule. Surgical exposure and direct observation of impacted teeth were later performed and served as the gold standard. The data were analyzed using SPSS and t-test.Results: There was an overlap in the CII range of the buccally (0.78-1.48) and palatally (1.15-1.75) positioned impacted canines. When considering the height factor in the middle and coronal zones, a significant difference was noted between the CII of buccally (0.78-1.1) and palatally (1.15-1.75) positioned teeth enabling determination of their buccolingual orientation (P<0.05).Conclusion: For the impacted maxillary canines located in the middle and coronal zones (90% of cases), the CII of 1.15 and higher represents palatal impaction while the CII smaller than 1.15 represents buccal impaction.

Introduction: Maxillary canines commonly have an ectopic eruption. This study aimed to assess the factors related to the ectopic maxillary permanent canines. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 1357 panoramic radiographs from patients 8 to 13 years old. The radiography was excluded if the patient had any developmental disease or if the panoramic image had poor quality. The ectopic canine was determined. It was also detected whether the ectopic canine was unilateral or bilateral. The quadrant of the ectopic canine, the presence of missing teeth, supernumerary teeth and other teeth with ectopic eruption were also reported. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 applying the Chi-square test at 0. 05 significance level. Results: Among the 1126 panoramic radiographs, 11. 4% (128) had at least one canine with ectopic eruption. 64. 1% (82) of patients with at least one ectopic canine were female and 35. 9% (46) were male. (P=0. 027) 69. 5% (89) had unilateral ectopic canine and 30. 5% (39) had bilateral ectopic canines. (P=0. 001) 10. 9% (14) of participants had missing teeth. 34. 4% (44) of cases had other teeth with ectopic eruption and 3. 1% (4) of cases had supernumerary teeth. The accompaniment of ectopic canine with other ectopic teeth was statistically significant. (P=0. 022) Conclusion: Ectopic maxillary canines with the prevalence of 11. 4% were more common in females,were mostly located unilaterally, and were found with other teeth with ectopic eruptions.

Introduction: Currently, a substance called casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate has been used as a substitute for fluoride mouthwash. This study aimed to compare the remineralization rate of fluoridated GC TOOTH mousse with concomitant use of fluoride mouthwash and GC TOOTH mousse on demineralized enamel lesions.Materials & Methods: In this laboratory study, 50 samples were selected from 30 intact human premolars, halved into buccal and lingual segments, and randomly divided into five groups. Enamel health was recorded using a DIAGNOdent device and Vickers micro hardness test.Afterwards, the remineralized agents were applied to the surface of samples for two weeks as follows: 1) Control, 2) Fluoridated GC TOOTH mousse, 3) GC TOOTH mousse, 4) Sodium fluoride mouthwash and 5) Sodium fluoride mouthwash+GC TOOTH mousse. Repeatedly, enamel remineralization values were recorded via DIAGNOdent device, and data were analyzed using one-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA tests.Results: Our findings indicated that no significant difference was observed between remineralization rate of fluoridated GC TOOTH mousse and concomitant use of fluoride mouthwash and GC TOOTH mousse, evaluated by DIAGNOdent device (P=0.959) and Vickers micro hardness test (P=0.884).Conclusion: According to the results, application of fluoridated GC TOOTH mousse with concomitant use of fluoride mouthwash and GC TOOTH mousse had a similar impact on remineralization of demineralized enamel lesions.

Background: Association of cuspid impaction with adjacent lateral incisor anomalies is under controversy. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between maxillary cuspid impaction with dental anomalies. Material and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, the material consisted of pretreatment dental records of 102 patients with at least one palatally or buccally displaced impacted permanent cuspid (palatal and buccal impaction groups). They were matched with a comparison control group of 102 patients having normally erupted maxillary cuspids. Available space, mesiodistal dimensions of teeth, and morphologic parameters of lateral incisors were measured using the digital caliper. Comparison of mean values of lateral incisors anomalies and severity of crowding between different groups were performed using the one-way ANOVA test, and the analysis of associations between position of the impaction and anomaly of the lateral incisors and severity of crowding was performed using the Chi-square test. P < 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the arch length-TOOTH size discrepancy between the cuspid impaction groups and control group. The impaction group (buccal or palatal) presented statistically significant differences in terms of anomalies of maxillary lateral incisor compared to the control group. Peg-shaped lateral incisor was related to buccal cuspid impaction and microdontia had relationship with palatal cuspid impaction. Conclusion: There is the relationship between cuspid impaction and adjacent lateral incisor abnormality, but no difference was observed between buccal and palatal cuspid impactions. Crowding revealed no relationship with cuspid impaction (buccal or palatal) in this study.

Objectives Canine teeth are supposed to have one single root canal, but they may have some anatomical variations. This study aimed to investigate the morphology of root canals of maxillary and mandibular canines regarding gender and age in an Iranian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods Using CBCT images, 126 maxillary and 125 mandibular canines were evaluated. Root anatomy was assessed regarding root length, root curvature, number of roots and canals, and pattern of root canal system. The data were analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests and multinomial regression model. Results The mean root length of male patients was significantly higher than females (p=0. 0001). The most frequent root curvatures were towards the distal and buccal. Mandibular teeth (p=0. 020) and females (p=0. 012) had higher frequency of root curvature. All maxillary canines had one root; whereas 1. 6% of mandibular canines had two roots. High prevalence of two canals was reported (34. 9% of maxillary and 18. 4% of mandibular canines). The most prevalent canal patterns included type I (65. 1%) followed by type III (34. 9%) in maxillary canines and types I (81. 6%), III (16. 8%) and V (1. 6%) in mandibular canines. Higher frequency of type III canal configuration was reported in maxillary teeth (p=0. 001) and male patients (p=0. 008). No significant difference was found in any parameter between different age groups (p>0. 05). Conclusion A high percentage of type III canal configuration in canine teeth especially maxillary canines and male patients was reported. Mandibular teeth and females had higher frequency of root curvature.

Background and Aim: Impaction of maxillary cuspids is the most common after third molars with 1% to 3% prevalence. Localization of these impacted teeth may affect orthodontic or surgical treatment plan. Therefore, different techniques have been introduced to localize impacted canines. The present study was conducted to compare the accuracy of panoramic, tube shift and panoramic plus palpation in determination of the position of maxillary impacted canine.Materials and Methods: 47 patients (20 females, 27 males) with the age of more than 12 years (mean age of 25.4 years old) whom referred to Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, with at least one impacted maxillary canine included. An oral and maxillofacial radiologist localized impacted canine first by using panoramic then tube shift technique blindly. After that, an oral and maxillofacial surgeon localized the canine by panoramic and palpation of the area before surgery. Data obtained from radiologist and surgeon were compared with true location of canine after surgery. Statistical analysis was done using sensitivity and specificity.Results: Among total 47 impacted maxillary canines, 11 cases (23.4%) showed buccal impactions and 36 cases (76.6%) palatal impactions. Sensitivity (ability of technique to localize palatal impaction) of all of the techniques were same (100%) but specificity (ability of technique to localize buccal impaction) of tube shift (100%) was more than two others (0%).Conclusion: The tube shift technique was the most accurate technique to localize maxillary unerupted canines compared to the others. Due to the ability of panoramic and panoramic with palpation in prediction of palatal canine impactions and failure of these techniques to predict buccal impactions, both methods are not suitable in localization of impacted maxillary canines and they must be used as adjunctive techniques.

Background and Aim: The important role of genetics has been recognized in recent years with respect to the understanding of TOOTH agenesis (TA). Identification of genetic mutations in individuals with TOOTH agenesis or other dental anomalies will enable preclinical diagnosis and improves orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study is to assess the relationship between T.A and MSXI mutation.Methods &Materials: Case group consisted of 20 individuals with T.A and control group consisted of 20 individuals with complete set of dentition. Blood samples were collected and DNA's were extracted with P.C.I Ext Method. DNA's were amplified with PCR technique and after addition of Ban II on PCR product, presence or absence of MSXI mutation was evaluated. Evaluation was based on presence of additional DNA band in gel of electrophoresis in case group. Chi square test was used to compare two qualitative traits. Results: Ban II had no effect on DNA of control group (195 bp) and digested the defected Allele in case group (106 bp and 89 bp.) (P-valve <0/001).Conclusion: In control group no mutation had occurred and all of individuals in case group, had heterozygous mutations and there is a high significant statistical relation ship between T.A and MSXI mutations. Given the absence of TOOTH follicle in dental radiography, formation or agenesis of the mentioned TOOTH can be determined by means of explained method of present study. After all, performing a blood test can prognosticate whether the future TOOTH can be developed or not.

This paper describes and compares two species of Aphanius consisting A. vladykovi from Chaghakhor wetland (Chaharmahal-va-Bakhteyari province) and A. sophiae from Qomy-Abad Of varamine (Tehran province). In total, 59 morphometric and meristic characters were measured for each specimen. Ordination based on first and second factors resulted from Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that two species are significantly different.(Males and females were compared separately to obviate sexual variation (A. vladykovi. 30 males and 26 females) (A. sophiae 22 males and 20 females). In females the characters consisting of predorsal length, preanal length, body depth, total length, head length, head width, prepelvic length and head depth were associated with the first component which accounted for 27% of the total variance. In males the characters consisting of head length, pre dorsal length, total length, preanal lengtn, head depth, postorbital length, head depth, pre pelvic length, caudal peduncle depth, mouth width and anal fin length were associated with the first component which accounted for about 33 % of the total variance in scores.

Introduction: Congenital syndromic or non-syndromic absence of maxillary permanent canine teeth is a rare occurrence. This anomaly can adversely affect esthetics and masticatory function. Other dental anomalies that can be associated with TOOTH agenesis include TOOTH malposition, insufficient bone height, and periodontal disease. According to the statistics, the incidence of canine agenesis rang-es from 0-4. 7% with a prevalence rate of 3. 0%. Non-syndromic canine agenesis combined with other types of TOOTH agenesis, like mandibular central incisor agenesis, has been occasionally described in the literature. Case Presentation: This case report presents a nine-year-old male patient with three canine agenesis combined with both mandibular central incisors and unilateral maxillary lateral incisor agenesis. Results: TOOTH agenesis is a common dental anomaly causing significant esthetic im-pairment. Its proper management requires early detection and a multidisciplinary approach.